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Ukrainian People's Militia or the Ukrainian National Militia ((ウクライナ語:''Українська Народна Міліція'')),〔 was a paramilitary formation created by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) in the General Government territory of occupied Poland and later in the Reichskommissariat Ukraine during World War II. It was set up in the course of the 1941 Operation Barbarossa following the Nazi German attack on the Soviet positions in eastern Poland. The formation, created in June 1941, preceded the official founding of the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police in mid-August 1941 by Heinrich Himmler. There is conclusive historical evidence indicating that members of the Ukrainian Militia took a leading role in the 1941 Lviv pogroms, resulting in the massacre of 6,000 Polish Jews, after the German army reached Lwów (Lemberg) at the end of June in Soviet-occupied eastern Poland (now Lviv, Ukraine). Initially the Ukrainian militia acted independently, with the blessings of the SS, but later were limited to joint operations (''Aktionen'') with German units or otherwise functioned directly under the Nazi command.〔Jakob Weiss, ''The Lemberg Mosaic'', New York: Alderbrook Press, 2011; pp. 165-174 (chpt. Prison Massacre), 206-210 (chpt. Petlura Days).〕 The Ukrainian People's Militia was active in occupied territories behind the Wehrmacht lines, assisting the German Security Police and the ''Einsatzgruppen'' while the army kept advancing in the direction of Zhytomyr, Rivne and Kiev. Heinrich Himmler was appointed Chief of SS and Police for the Eastern Territories on July 17, 1941 and decreed the formation of the ''Schutzmannschaften'' from among the non-German auxiliaries. In mid-August he regrouped the indigenous militia which had sprung up under the military rule to form the core of the official ''Ukrainische Hilfspolizei''. Before that, members of the Ukrainian militia in formerly Polish cities with sizeable Polish-Jewish presence compiled lists of targets for the branch offices of the KdS and assisted with the roundups (as in Stanisławów, Włodzimierz Wołyński, Łuck).〔 In Korosten, the Militia rounded up 238 Jews described as "a source of continuous unrest" and carried out the killings by themselves.〔Ronald Headland (1992), ''( Messages of Murder: A Study of the Reports of the Einsatzgruppen of the Security Police and the Security Service, 1941-1943. )'' Fairleigh Dickinson Univ. Press, pp. 125-126. ISBN 0838634184.〕 In Sokal, on June 30, 1941 they arrested and executed 183 Jews dubbed "the commissars". Other locations followed. By August 7, 1941 the stations of Ukrainian People's Militia were established in most areas conquered by the Wehrmacht including prominent formerly Polish cities under the Soviet reign of terror since 1939,〔Bernd Wegner (1997). ''(From peace to war: Germany, Soviet Russia, and the world, 1939–1941. )'' Berghahn Books. p. 74. ISBN 1-57181-882-0.〕〔Marek Wierzbicki, (Stosunki polsko-białoruskie pod okupacją sowiecką. ) ''Bialorus.pl'' (Warszawa), pp. 1/3. 〕 such as Lviv (Lemberg), Ternopil, Stanislavov, Lutsk, Rivne, Yavoriv, Kamenetz-Podolsk, Drohobycz, Borislav, Dubno, Sambor, Kostopol, Sarny, Kozovyi, Zolochiv, Berezhany, Pidhaytsi, Kolomyya, Rava-Ruska, Obroshyno, Radekhiv, Gorodok, Kosovo, Terebovlia, Vyshnivtsi, Zbarazh, Zhytomyr and Fastov.〔Р. П. Шляхтич, ''ОУН в 1941 році: документи: В 2-х частинах Ін-т історії України НАН України'' (''OUN in 1941: Documents in 2 volumes''). Institute of History of Ukraine. Kiev: Ukraine National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2006, pp. 426-427. ISBN 966-02-2535-0. ( Abstract, with links to PDF files. )〕 == Ukrainian People's Militia instructions== The stated duty of the Ukrainian People's Militia was to maintain order in the newly occupied territories by defending the Ukrainian population from attacks by scattered remnants of the Red Army, killing organizers of Communist uprisings or Soviet parachutists caught behind the German lines, confiscating weapons, registering former Communist officials or specialists brought into western Ukraine from eastern regions, and shooting looters or those caught hiding firearms as well as collaborators with the Soviet state and the Soviet ''diversionaries''. The regulations of the Ukrainian People's militia allowed Jews to join in but only under strict rules requiring them to wear yellow stars on their clothing. Poles and Russians were expressly prohibited from joining the force.〔Patrylyak 2004, pp. 527 (9 in PDF), and 563 (45 in PDF).〕〔Dzyobak, Ilyushyn I.I. and I.K. Patrylyak et al. ''та інші Організація українських націоналістів і Українська повстанська армія'' (''The Organization of the Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army''). Institute of History of Ukraine. Kiev: National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2004, p. 63. 〕 The OUN controlling the Ukrainian People' Militia were strongly opposed to the Soviet power structure that had been established in Galicia after the Soviet annexations, particularly the NKVD. The command sought to neutralize those particular elements that the OUN felt were critical to projecting Soviet power over Ukraine. Instructions issued in May 1941 by OUN in ''Distrikt Galizien'' were very specific about who the enemy was.〔Patrylyak 2004, p. 524 (6 in PDF).〕 The objectives of the People's Militia was to facilitate the eradication of the suspected members of the NKVD and the Communist Party including Soviet prosecutors or citizens who during the Soviet rule collaborated with them. All prominent non-Ukrainians were to be interred. The People's Militia – according to instructions – were advised to act in such way that "the army and the authorities of the ally" (i.e. the German Security Police and the Gestapo) would draw obvious benefits from the existence of the People's Militia."〔Patrylyak 2004, p. 550.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ukrainian People's Militia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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